Hasmoneans
The family of Mattathias. They led the revolt against Antiochus IV and ruled Judea as a free state for about eighty years.
What the sources say, and how sure we are
- The text says
None of the 66 books names the Hasmoneans. John 10:22 mentions the Feast of the Dedication, the festival that began with their rededication of the temple.John 10:22
- Outside evidence
First Maccabees (a book in Catholic and Orthodox Bibles, not in Protestant Bibles) and Josephus tell the story. Alexander Jannaeus (103–76 BC) is the first ruler whose coins carry the title “king.” Pompey ended Hasmonean rule in 63 BC.1 Maccabees 4:52; 13:41–42; Josephus, Antiquities 12–14; Hasmonean coins
- Debated
Dates change by about a year at each ruler. Catholic and Orthodox Bibles include 1–2 Maccabees; Protestant Bibles do not. Both traditions use them as the main source.